Free Essays on Crown, Cork & Seal

Presentation: Despite a changing business scene in the metal can industry, William J. Avery, Crown’s new CEO, had moved toward reconsidering his antecedent, John Connelly’s business methodology. Providers and clients of can producers were starting to coordinate into can creators themselves, which was reclassifying the metal business. Under Connelly, Crown accomplished supported accomplishment more than three decades due to Connelly’s exacting systems, which accentuated cost proficiency, quality and client assistance. Avery was doing whatever it takes not to break with convention or grow Crown’s product offering because of the changing idea of the metal would industry be able to scene as well as take part in the provider and client combination that had gotten customary in the metal can business. Examination: So as to see how the business is transforming, we should initially take a gander at the powers in question and patterns that are developing. One actuality specifically that quickly stands apart is that industry working edges started to fall despite relentless interest for metal jars. This can be credited to a few elements. Initial, Five huge firms overwhelmed the business with near 100 lesser firms. The appropriation of piece of the overall industry intently speaks to an oligopoly, which would propose that there may be lower benefits. Second, the case expresses that valuing was serious and can makers forcefully limited to secure their piece of the overall industry because of overcapacity and contracting client bases. A third purpose behind drops in working edges were because of evaluating that didn't think about considerable increments in costs, expanded can making limit, increments in reverse reconciliation of distilleries and can-producers, and soda pop packaging combination. Another significant power to consider is the client and what impacts they have on the metal can industry. The soda pop industry is a flourishing and gainful industry dependent on by and large deals of mama... Free Essays on Crown, Cork and Seal Free Essays on Crown, Cork and Seal Presentation: Even with a changing business scene in the metal can industry, William J. Avery, Crown’s new CEO, had moved toward reexamining his forerunner, John Connelly’s business procedure. Providers and clients of can producers were starting to incorporate into can creators themselves, which was rethinking the metal business. Under Connelly, Crown achieved supported accomplishment more than three decades due to Connelly’s exacting methodologies, which underlined cost effectiveness, quality and client care. Avery was making an effort not to break with convention or extend Crown’s product offering because of the changing idea of the metal would industry be able to scene as well as take part in the provider and client solidification that had gotten customary in the metal can business. Investigation: So as to see how the business is transforming, we should initially take a gander at the powers in question and patterns that are rising. One actuality specifically that promptly stands apart is that industry working edges started to fall disregarding tenacious interest for metal jars. This can be ascribed to a few elements. Initial, Five huge firms ruled the business with near 100 lesser firms. The conveyance of piece of the overall industry intently speaks to an oligopoly, which would recommend that there may be lower benefits. Second, the case expresses that valuing was serious and can makers forcefully limited to secure their piece of the overall industry because of overcapacity and contracting client bases. A third purpose behind drops in working edges were because of valuing that didn't think about generous increments in costs, expanded can making limit, increments in reverse combination of distilleries and can-creators, and soda packaging union. Another significant power to consider is the client and what impacts they have on the metal can industry. The soda business is a flourishing and beneficial industry dependent on by and large deals of mama...

Olmstead vs. United States Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Olmstead versus US - Term Paper Example As the discussion got from such wiretaps was the proof to choose this case and other comparative cases like Green, Mcinnis and a few others versus US, separately. All convicts were sentenced on similar charges dependent on wiretap-recorded discussion. In view of this, the respondents were charged for disregarding National Prohibition Act by selling or bringing in just as handling illicit alcohols. In any case, as there was no endorsement for the establishment of wiretaps in any of such cases, the proof dependent on getting record of discussion from such unlawfully introduced wiretaps was disputable and under question.........................(1) Proof was gotten from the utilization of private phone discussion as unveiled by the wiretaps, unlawfully introduced. The inquiry was put under the steady gaze of the court if the utilization of such discussion as any proof damages the recorded party’s rights under the Fourth and Fifth alterations of the constitution. While the court had an unmistakable response to the above inquiry as a plain â€Å"NO†; it laid significance on the idea of discussion and not how it was acquired. The court additionally decided that since none of the respondents was wrongfully compelled to direct those discussions. Subsequently, the court maintained that there can be no proof of any infringement of their Fifth Amendment assurance against self implication, while keeping up that the discussions were made willfully all through. Whereby the Fourth Amendment significance alludes to the inquiry and seizure or capture without warrant, the court decided that in these cases no such activity was available. Along these lines, the court maintained that none of the confirmations introduced abused any privileges of the respondents under the fourth amendment, also. Also, there was no physical assessment of any papers, any generous, material impacts or the home inquiries and so on., engaged with any of these cases. The

How to Deliver Your Fourth Grade Persuasive Essay Topics

How to Deliver Your Fourth Grade Persuasive Essay TopicsIn your own initiative, you can take your fourth grade persuasive essay topics to the next level. Your next step is to understand how to deliver your topic effectively. With a number of persuasive essay topics available on the market, it will be difficult for you to pick the best one. It will be easier for you to choose the best one if you know the process to follow.In order to be able to deliver your topic well, you need to prepare yourself first. You need to get acquainted with the various elements that influence the reader's judgment. A persuasive essay is a mixture of your personal information and the most relevant information to your audience. The general theme should be not only informative but also entertaining. For this purpose, you need to think out of the box when creating your persuasive essay topic.One of the most important aspects that you need to look at when creating persuasive essay topics is writing according to the audience. There are many different audience groups, including adults, students, parents, grandparents, and all kinds of readers. As a general rule, you need to address your audience as honestly as possible. If you want to appeal to an adult audience, then you have to include factual details related to their lives.When writing a powerful persuasive essay, the reader must have enough information about the topic. Otherwise, they will not be able to grasp what you are trying to convey. Your audience should be provided with sufficient information before they start reading your essay. They should know the most precise details about the topic. Even if the information provided is too much for the readers, you still need to make it understandable.Effective persuasive essay is based on persuading the readers. You need to grab their attention in the beginning and keep it there. Use such appealing words that will keep the readers' attention. Don't be repetitive; write down your ideas regul arly. Your readers will be more interested in reading the essays with fresh and new topics.Now that you have looked at the process involved in delivering persuasive essay topics, you need to follow the steps carefully. After you select the right topic, find a reliable resource or mentor to help you out. He will give you the proper amount of information that you need to deliver your topic in a convincing manner. Then, research and gather enough facts and figures to prove your topic. Finally, express your ideas through your essay.You also need to be careful in the selection of the resources that you use to prepare for your persuasive essay. You need to select the right type of material that can help you attain your goal. You need to determine the kind of material that will help you express your thoughts clearly and concisely.Last but not the least; it is necessary for you to be consistent when writing persuasive essay topics. You need to include the same material repeatedly in each dr aft. You need to write down all your ideas for the essay.

Overview of the Einsatzgruppen Massacre

During the Holocaust, mobile killing squads known as Einsatzgruppen (made up of groups of German soldiers and local collaborators) killed over one million people following the invasion of the Soviet Union. From June 1941 until their operations were curtailed in the spring of 1943, Einsatzgruppen conducted mass killings of Jews, Communists, and the disabled in Nazi-occupied areas in the East.  The Einsatzgruppen were the first step in the Nazi’s implementation of the Final Solution. Origins of the Final Solution In September 1919, Adolf Hitler first wrote down his ideas about â€Å"the Jewish Question,† comparing the presence of Jews to that of tuberculosis. To be certain, he wanted all Jews removed from German lands; however, at the time, he did not necessarily mean genocide. After Hitler came to power in 1933, the Nazis attempted to remove Jews by making them so unwelcome that they would emigrate. There were also plans to remove the Jews en masse by moving them to an island, perhaps to Madagascar. However unrealistic the Madagascar Plan was, it did not involve mass killing. In July 1938, delegates from 32 countries met at the Evian Conference in Evian, France to discuss the increasing number of Jewish refugees fleeing Germany. With many of these countries having difficulty feeding and employing their own populations during the Great Depression, nearly every delegate stated that their country could not increase their refugee quota. Without an option to send Jews elsewhere, the Nazis began to formulate a different plan to rid their lands of Jews – mass killing. Historians now place the beginning of the Final Solution with the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial strategy directed mobile killing squads, or Einsatzgruppen, to follow the Wehrmacht (Germany army) into the East and eliminate Jews and other undesirables from these newly claimed lands. Organization of the Einsatzgruppen There were four Einsatzgruppen divisions sent east, each with 500 to 1,000 trained Germans. Many members of the Einsatzgruppen had once been part of the SD (Security Service) or the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police), with about a hundred having been once part of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police). The Einsatzgruppen were tasked with eliminating Communist officials, Jews, and other â€Å"undesirables† such as Roma (Gypsies) and those that were mentally or physically ill. With their goals clear, the four Einsatzgruppen followed the Wehrmacht east. Labeled Einsatzgruppe A, B, C, and D, the groups were focused on the following areas: Einsatzgruppe A: Baltic nations of Latvia, Lithuania, and EstoniaEinsatzgruppe B: Eastern Poland and BelorussiaEinsatzgruppe C: Western UkraineEinsatzgruppe D: Southern Ukraine and Crimea In each of these areas, the 3,000 German members of the Einsatzgruppen units were aided by local police and civilians, who often willingly collaborated with them. Also, while the Einsatzgruppen were supplied by the Wehrmacht, oftentimes army units would be used to help guard victims and/or the gravesite before the massacre. Einsatzguppen as Killers Most massacres by the Einsatzgruppen followed a standard format. After an area was invaded and occupied by the Wehrmacht, members of the Einsatzgruppen and their local auxiliaries rounded up the local Jewish populations, Communist functionaries, and disabled individuals. These victims were often held in a central location, such as a synagogue or town square, before being taken to a remote area outside of the town or village to be executed. The execution sites were generally prepared in advance, either by the location of a natural pit, ravine, or old quarry or through the use of forced labor to dig out an area to serve as a mass grave. Individuals who were to be killed were then taken to this location on foot or by trucks supplied by the German military. Once the individuals arrived at the mass grave, the executioners would force them to remove their clothing and valuables and then step up to the edge of the pit. Victims were shot by the members of the Einsatzgruppen or their auxiliaries, who typically adhered to a one bullet per person policy. Since not every perpetrator was a polished killer, some victims did not die immediately and instead suffered a slow and painful death. While the victims were being killed, other members of the Einsatzgruppen sorted through the victims’ personal belongings. These belongings would either be sent back to Germany as provisions for bombed-out civilians or they would be auctioned off to the local population and the funds would be utilized to fund further Einsatzgruppen actions and other German military needs. At the conclusion of the massacre, the mass grave would be covered over with dirt. Over time, evidence of the massacres was often difficult to detect without the assistance of members of the local populations who either witnessed or aided in these events. The Massacre at Babi Yar The largest single-site massacre by an Einsatzgruppen unit took place outside of the Ukrainian capital of Kiev on September 29-30, 1941. It was here that the Einsatzgruppe C executed nearly 33,771 Jews in a mass ravine known as Babi Yar. Following the shootings of Jewish victims in late September, other individuals in the local area who were deemed undesirables, such as Roma (Gypsies) and the disabled were also shot and dumped into the ravine. In total, an estimated 100,000 people are said to be buried at this site. An Emotional Toll Shooting defenseless people, especially large groups of women and children, can take a large emotional toll on even the most trained soldier.  Within months of beginning the massacres, leaders of the Einsatzgruppen realized that there was a high emotional cost to shooting victims. The extra liquor rations for members of the Einsatzgruppen was not enough. By August 1941, Nazi leaders were already searching for less personal ways of killing, which led to the invention of gas vans. Gas vans were trucks which had been specially outfitted for killing. Victims would be placed in the backs of the trucks and then exhaust fumes would be piped into the back. Gas vans were a stepping stone to the invention of stationary gas chambers built specifically for killing Jews at death camps. Covering Up Their Crimes At first, the Nazis made no attempt to hide their crimes. They conducted the mass killings during the day, with full knowledge of the local populace. However, after a year of killing, the Nazis made a decision in June 1942 to start eradicating the evidence. This change of policy was partly because most of the mass graves had been hastily covered and were now proving to be a health risk and also because news of the atrocities had begun to leak out to the West. A group known as Sonderkommando 1005, headed by Paul Blobel, was formed to eliminate the mass graves. Work began at the Chelmno Death Camp and then began in occupied areas of the Soviet Union in June 1943. To eliminate the evidence, the Sonderkommandos had prisoners (mostly Jewish ones) dig up the mass graves, move the corpses to a pyre, burn the bodies, crush bones, and scatter the ashes. When an area was cleared, those Jewish prisoners were also killed. While many mass graves were dug up, many more remained. The Nazis did, however, burn enough corpses to make it difficult to determine an accurate number of victims. Post-War Trials of Einsatzgruppen Following World War II, a series of trials were held by the United States in the German city of Nuremberg. The ninth of the Nuremberg Trials was The United States of America v. Otto Ohlendorf et al. (but is more commonly known as the â€Å"Einsatzgruppen Trial†), where 24 high-ranking officials within the ranks of the Einsatzgruppen were put on trial from July 3, 1947, to April 10, 1948. The defendants were charged with one or more of the following crimes: Crimes Against HumanityWar CrimesMembership in a criminal organization Of the 24 defendants, 21 were found guilty on all three counts, while two were only convicted of â€Å"membership in a criminal organization† and one other was removed from the trial for health reasons prior to the sentencing (he died six months later). The penalties varied ranging from death to a few years of imprisonment. In total, 14 individuals were sentenced to death, two received life in prison, and four received sentences ranging from time already served to 20 years.  One individual committed suicide before he was sentenced. Of those sentenced to death, only four were actually executed and many others ultimately had their sentences commuted. Documenting the Massacres Today Many of the mass graves remained hidden in the years following the Holocaust. Local populations were aware of their existence but did not frequently speak of their location. Beginning in 2004, a Catholic priest, Father Patrick Desbois, began a formal effort to document the location of these mass graves. Although locations do not receive official markers for fear of looting, their locations are documented as part of the efforts of DuBois and his organization, Yahad-In Unum. To date, they have discovered the locations of nearly 2,000 mass graves.

Summer Astronomy Programs for High School Students

Hunting Research Paper - 1051 Words

Justin Luke English III Honors Mrs. Ledy 11/27/11 Hunting Hunting is a common activity all around the world, and if performed properly, can have many benefits to us and the rest of the planet. The art of hunting has been around since the beginning of time. Living off of the land used to be a necessity across the world, until the mass production of food came along. In America, people do not usually need to hunt to survive. However, the population of animal species needs to be controlled. Too many of one type of animal can cause a drastic change to any ecosystem. Food supplies decline quickly, leaving many animals without food. Hunting can help keep the population of a group of animals at a good number, making the lives of the other†¦show more content†¦Too many positive effects come from hunting to take action based on the negative ones, which are mostly opinions, not facts. Many people believe hunting to be a cruel activity. With any activity in this world, there will be those who do not perform it properly and can damage the reputation those who do it right try to uphold. If hunting is performed how it is made to, it is not a cruel sport and should not be looked upon in shame. Between 60% to 76% of Americans identify themselves as Christians. Therefore, 60% to 76% of Americans believe what the Bible states. â€Å"Then God said, â€Å"Let us make man in our image, in our like-ness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.†(Gen . 1.26) Therefore, around 70% percent of America believes that men should rule over all of the creatures of the earth (animals), giving them the choice to hunt throughout the world. On another topic, Most Americans eat meat, which means that most Americans condone the use of slaughterhouses. These factories are extremely cruel to animals and treat them with severe disrespect, killing more animals in a day than most hunters would kill in a year. Many people consider hunting dangerous. This is not necessarily correct. Before any person is legally allowed to hunt in most states, they must undergo a requiredShow MoreRelatedEffects on Public Lands when Hunting is done out of Season Joe Fox Colorado State University -800 Words   |  4 PagesLands when Hunting is done out of Season Joe Fox Colorado State University - Pueblo The Impact of Hunting during Off Season on Public Land Introduction Hunting during off season is causing change in the wildlife behavior and population in the public land. This has a negative impact on the wildlife population such as extinction and increased immigration. Hunting during off season has been a challenge to the US government even with the numerous laws that are used to control hunting activitiesRead More Organization is Crucial When Making a Sound Argument Essay example1114 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization is Crucial When Making a Sound Argument The development of animal rights organizations in the past century has made hunting a heated topic for debate. Modernization has left the primitive form of hunting and gathering behind as an obsolete form of human survival. With this occurrence one would think that hunting would lose its popularity, but this statement couldn’t be farther from the truth. It has developed more as a sport and participation is still widespread throughoutRead MoreThe Harmony Between Hunting And Conservation1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harmony Between Hunting and Conservation In 2014, professional hunter Corey Knowlton, placed a bid of $350,000 for the chance to go on a hunting trip in Namibia. On this trip Knowlton had the chance to hunt and kill the black rhino, an extremely endangered species.  This hunt and the ideas that have been used to justify it have started a heated debate on the subject. Animal conservationists, who support the ethical side of the argument, don’t understand the desire to kill a beautiful animal forRead MoreHunting For Michigan Morels By Ben Smith1260 Words   |  6 Pages Hunting for Michigan Morels Ben Smith ENG 100 Introduction: The state of Michigan is great for hunting edible mushrooms. Some of the common mushrooms people like to hunt for are the chanterelle, honey or â€Å"stumpers†, and the morel. The morel is one of the more popular mushrooms that people look forward to hunting. Michigan’s atmospheric conditions make it a great state for these mushrooms to thrive in during the season. Before you go hunting, it is important to know the etiquetteRead MoreEssay on Animal Rights1331 Words   |  6 PagesPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have continued these traditional fights as well as adding new agendas. These new agendas include hunting and fishing, and dissection of animals in science classes. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of animal experimentation and research, animals in the classroom, animal organizations and hunting. Along with these topics my personal opinion will be stated, before and after researching the topic. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The rights of animalsRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Species Homo Neandertalensis1277 Words   |  6 Pageshuman populations, and eventually evolved into the modern human. This paper will provide enough information to help determine if the neanderthalensis species evolved into one of us or if they were out competed by their peers or Mother Nature. To do this, first the paper will briefly discuss the history of the Neanderthals by stating who they are, where they come from, and their every day living situations. Secondly, this paper will explore the two sides of the great debate: did the Neanderthals becomeRead MoreNegative Impact of Whaling in Japan1125 Words   |  4 Pages Most all practices of hunting whales were banned along the globe but, exceptions were made in cases such as Japan; for alleged â€Å"scientific† purposes. The focus issues of this paper will stem from the controversy involving whaling, specifically in Japan, because while they justify their reasons for continued whale hunting, they still walk a fine line in the eyes of anti- whalers and whale-watchers alike. Commercial whaling was banned by the IWC around 1986 but the hunting still continued under certainRead MoreClassification Of The Sumatran Tiger949 Words   |  4 Pagesright). Sumatran tigers are strong swimmers nonetheless are somewhat incompetent climbers. Acknowledging their strong swimming capabilities, Sumatran tigers commonly roam the Leuser ecosystem’s peat forests, swamps, rivers and lowland rainforests hunting for prey. Their carnivorous diet generally consists of fish, birds, monkeys and ungulates. Preys that have the ability to climb up high trees normally escape this noble predator. The island of Sumatra contains among one of the most biodiverse ecosystemsRead MoreDracul Modernity And Folklore1119 Words   |  5 Pagesfolklore is accomplished by the hunting of Dracula and the use of both folklore and modern technologies to defeat Dracula. Well the characters refused the â€Å"myths† that surrounded Dracula at first, the characters came to realized that both modern technology and folklore must be used together to defeat Dracula. First, this paper will form the basic concept that will encompass the characters and their beliefs about modern technology and folklore ideologies. Secondly, This paper will investigate how modernityRead MoreThe Triumph of Food Production over Hunting and Gathering Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages The human race was once completely dependent on hunting and gathering as its source for caloric intake. Today, this is not the case. We live in a society that is continuously becoming more global, and the large global population is being supported by modern food production. But what factors caused this switch to take place from hunting and gathering to food production? The main contributors over the last several thousand years include: the increase in calorie yield, the stability, and the benefits

Strategic Management and Business Innovation-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Are the Differences Strategic Management and Business Innovation? Answer: Introducation: From the e-learning activity of Week 3, it is extracted as the concept of strategy wanders around the tactics, goals, objectives and the description of thoughts. Most the people confuse the concept of strategy with various other things and thus it can be concluded that, the strategy is not a goal or any tactics of a person or any organization. The definition of strategy given by Suntzu is that, strategy is nothing but an art of war and a person needs to develop strategies to overcome the obstacles (Simons 2013). The modern day business can be considered as the war and the business executives needs to develop strategies to compete in the market with their rival organization. The strategies can be developed with the analysis of the competitors in the market, their strategies and approaches towards each market trends. However, the concept of strategy lies in 4 questions which are In this context, the example can be taken of the Australian biggest retailer Woolworths Limited. The company has successfully applied various strategies to achieve their business goals in the retailing business in Australia. The company has also grown various other businesses with the help of strategic development in the organization (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). According to the news, the company has outlined their upcoming three years strategy in customer handling and the main purposed of the strategy development is to increase the market share of the Woolworths Group. The article states that, the company Woolworths has strategize the customer acquisition model of the company with new innovation of meeting the exact customers need of with their products. The company has also developed new pricing and promotion strategies for their supermarkets. Apart from that, the company has planned to extend their product ranges and the new product developments in their various other businesses along with the supermarket chains (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2017). Business Model Innovation The e-learning material focuses on the concepts and the misconception among the business people about the innovation in business model. The study shows, a business can have sufficient resources, efficient workforce and extensive knowledge of the market in which they are operating, but there are some chances to loose in the competition of particular business fields. Henceforth, innovation in business is necessary for the business (Amit and Zott 2012). There are various misconception regarding the innovation in business such as, innovation need be based on an idea or concept which nobody has executed before and the success requires huge resources, along with that, innovation needs the background of fascinating technology (Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu 2013). There are 55 basic model or fields of business pattern which need to learned about and then the knowledge can be utilized for the innovation purposes. There are various firms which have innovated their ideas in similar way. There are four basic steps namely initiation, ideation, Integration and Implementation. The study initiate that, the innovation is an ongoing process and the achievement comes to them who not only focuses on the profit of the present day but growth of the future (Boons et al 2013). In the four steps of innovation, an organization can build their image in the particular industry by implementing new out of the box ideas in their business model. However, the innovation can help a company to get competitive advantages in any field and focus for sustainable growth for the future. The concept of the business model can be explained by an example of Facebook. The period when Facebook started their business, there were various other chatting community websites, but the company Facebook has innovated their business model and the structure of their website. The company has invented such strategies to connect and relate peoples minds according to the psychological behavior of the human being (Kindstrm and Kowalkowski 2014). However, they has a strong base of technological background, but technology was not the only thing, since every similar chat community was using the technology at that time. The study of the company Facebook can idealize the concept behind innovation in a business model. CAGE Framework of International trade According to the study by Novy, the concept of CAGE framework has been stated as the international trading depends on the characteristics of the countries among which the trading happens. The characteristics are Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and the Economic (CAGE). The inter-trading among various countries completely depends on the correlation of such characte4ristics of two countries and these also influences the business opportunities of the two countries (Novy 2013). The cultural context and the similarities in perception of the people of two countries contributes in the business of the global operators. Along with that, the Administrative services like government services supports the international businesses to minimized the cost of trading along with sustainability in the market. However, the Geographic characteristics and similarities help is achieving the better distribution chain in the country. The economic similarities like currency, product valuation and others ca n influence the ease of trading in two or more countries (Ghemawat 2015). According to studies, there are various barriers in the international trading which impacts in the business in large quantity and there are various limitations regarding the international trading purposes. Apart from that, there are four propositions which are used to diminish the geographic differences of two countries. For example, the Bega Cheese can be considered which operates in the country Australia along with New Zealand. However, both of the countries are neighbor countries and the company has acquired a good market share in the Diary market of both of the countries. Henceforth, it can be concluded that, the CAGE framework is effective for the multinational companies. References Amit, R. and Zott, C., 2012. Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(3), p.41. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, pp.1-8. Casadesus?Masanell, R. and Zhu, F., 2013. Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models. Strategic management journal, 34(4), pp.464-482. Ghemawat, P., 2015. From International Business to Intranational Business. In Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises (pp. 5-28). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Hernandez Barros, R., Vidal-Garcia, J., Vidal, M. and Martnez Torre-Enciso, M.I., 2016. New Evidence in the Definition of Strategy for Global Insurers. Kindstrm, D. and Kowalkowski, C., 2014. Service innovation in product-centric firms: A multidimensional business model perspective. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 29(2), pp.96-111. Martins, L.L., Rindova, V.P. and Greenbaum, B.E., 2015. Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 9(1), pp.99-117. Novy, D., 2013. Gravity redux: measuring international trade costs with panel data. Economic inquiry, 51(1), pp.101-121. Simons, R., 2013.Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy Text and Cases: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.

Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers French Indochina and the Lover Essay Example

Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers French Indochina and the Lover Essay Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers, European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia. Ann Laura Stoler Race and the Education of Desire, Fauoult’s History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Ann Laura Stoler Introduction We will be presenting two essays by Ann Laura Stoler. The first essay, â€Å"Race and the Education of Desire†, Foucault’s history of sexuality discusses class, race and desire in terms of family and state regulations which are identified as the moral [bourgeois] code in the colonial context of Indochina. The second essay, Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers, European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia is focused on the construction of colonial categories in relation to people belonging to various geographical and cultural roots. Background of French Colonial Expansion: During the nineteenth century, France embarked on a series of conquests, annexations, and campaigns of pacification. From 1900 to 1914 the pacification of various colonies continued, agreements were signed with local authorities, and administrative organizations were put in place that imposed French models for schools, hospitals, and the army. Colonists began developing infrastructures which facilitated the exportation of raw material to metropolitan France. French Indochina It was a colony of commerce which was under the French rule in the 1860s and in the 1870s the Europeans began to settle here, in 1900 approximately 91 thousand settlers were classified European in the Indies. The metis population is also included in this estimate. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers French Indochina and the Lover specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers French Indochina and the Lover specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers French Indochina and the Lover specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Race and the Education of Desire, Foucault’s history of sexuality Stoler represents bourgeois classism in its linkage to racism. The Bourgeois code is discussed as a desire to defend its members from the pollution of the primitive others. The former are considered as threat and enemy of the White culture. Bourgeois fear of assimilation [re]establishes boundaries and influences the entire society [the other social groups]. This moral bourgeois code, represented in the film, is politically defended and implemented in everyday life, it presents prescriptions for both, bourgeois [the lower-class Whites] and natives. In other words the external boundaries of the group are required to be defended by all its members. Hence, racism is established as exposed to the individual and the group explicit regulations. The moral code basically defines appropriate gender and sexual behavior of both men and women. Male and female sexual boundaries are different in that man’s sexuality is less regulated than that of women. Male sexual behavior requires less attention in the colonial context. Man’s outside- camp [home] sexual relations remain unregulated as far as they do not include interracial marriage. The concombinage with native women turn into wide-spread practice. However, the opposite also became a practice as well [ white women with native men] [p. 183] Masculinity defines its hierarchy: at the bottom the native men. The former’s sexuality became under question. The native men were deprived by their masculinity within the colony; they were effeminized. They were seen as less capable men [in the context of Indochina], both sexually and socially. They were gazed as primitive unable to [reason]†¦. â€Å"it takes two of you to do the job† Crossing the race and class boundaries becomes a morality issue. The invisible ties separate different classes and races. However, that question becomes more complex in the colonial context. The sexual relations among economically lower status bourgeois and middle class native complicate the race and class categories. Besides, those interracial relations did not challenge the racism [the invisible ties played out their role], neither the created stereotype regarding the native men. Nevertheless, the boundaries were policed from the both sides of the borderline. Natives were also defending the racial purity of their community. They used those stereotypes for their own purposes. Their weakness became their strength, a strategy to protect the purity of their culture. â€Å"No two of me four of me. You don’t know how weak I am† In the geographical setting of French Indochina†¦ I will mention how sexuality plays a crucial role on creating and confusing colonial categories. The French film â€Å"The Lover† provides us with a creative insight to see, as Stoler describes, those who â€Å"ambiguously straddled, crossed, and threatened† the imperial divides. I will look closely at the story of â€Å"metissage† and mention the generation that emerged from it : â€Å"metis† in colonial context at the turn of the century. This will bring us to an overall view of how gender and race intertwined, how racial frontiers are created with respect to sexualities. And how much they mattered†¦ For general Western spectatorship, Vietnam does not exist outside of the war. And she no longer exists since the war has ended, except as a name, an exemplary model of revolution, or a nostalgic cult object for those who, while admiring unconditionally the revolution, do not seem to take any genuine, sustained interest in the troubled reality of Vietnam in her social and cultural autonomy. The more Vietnam is mystified, the more invisible she becomes. (Trinh T. Minh-ha, When the Moon Waxes Red, 100) Sexual Affronts European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia â€Å"The neat boundaries of the colonial rule† were maintained by referring to the distinctions between: * Cultural sensibilities * Physical attributes * Political sentiments How did this story reflect the  "tensions of Empire†? It’s plot was a combination of: * Racial category * Sexual Morality * National identity Locating Sexuality in Empire The cultural contingency of sexuality†¦ †¦appears in colonial contexts 1) Sexuality Race A sexual subculture emerges in the colonial context: Constructions of racial difference, in turn promotes or restricts particular reproductive relationships. Demography, Eugenics and Moral Degeneration are intertwined within the Imperial codes of race and sexuality. Racial hierarchies regulate sexual desire, by encouraging or discouraging it. 2) Invention of private/domestic realm ? public/civil realm Separation of social life into distinct gendered realms implies, first and foremost, that sexuality is associated with the private realm by masking the sexual politics of the colonial institutions. The heterosexual underpinnings of colonial imperial hierarchies and domestic / public spheres are always conscious in the colonial setting. Joane Nagel – Ethno-sexual Frontiers An ethno-sexual double standard: Powers of domination prevent â€Å"our† women from having sex with â€Å"their† men; but our â€Å"men† can have sex with their women without sancion. It is important to note that the Empire itself is sexualised as the penetration and domination of feminized primitive lands and peoples by virile and masculine bodies. â€Å"Concubinage† as one of the new sexual subjectivities Emotional and economic shelter for those on the margins of the normative heterosexuality. Sexuality emerges in the colonial context as a â€Å"weapon of the weak† (Scott 1985). â€Å"Metissage† – a cultural category â€Å"Metissage† is both referred to as â€Å"cultural creolization† and â€Å"cultural cross-breeding†. Metissage is an extension of the word â€Å"metis†, encompassing social, cultural, historical, racial and aesthetic concerns that can not be fully translated into English. â€Å"Metissage under debate† In Stoler’s essay, we are confronted with the fact that such a bonding was an object of political, legal and social debate. It was conceived as†¦ * A threat to White prestige * An embodiment of European degeneration * An indicator of moral decay Metis Metis is translated as â€Å"half-breed† â€Å"half-caste† or mixed blood and carries with it a negative connotation. Discussion of children of mixed parentage the odd one out in an exotic asylum- Emmanuelle Saada, â€Å"Children of The Colonies: The Metis of the French Empire: Citizens or Subjects? † Associate Professor and Director of the Center for French and Francophone Studies Colonial Representations of sexuality in the moving pictures †¦ The 1980s and 1990s The colonial syndrome Colonialism became a topic that was dealt with in many domains, from studies of colonial cultures to research in history and anthropology. Cinema played an important role in this exploration of the colonial past. Those films are the imaginings and refigurings of colonial culture and life and of colonial wars: for Africa, Claire Deniss Chocolat (1988); for Indochina, Jean Jacques Annauds LAmant (1992), Regis Wargniers Indochine (1992). Even though these films do not mean to be truthful renderings of the past, they are presenting images of the former colonies, of life in the contact zone from a Eurocentric point of view. They capture what overseas stood for in the minds of French spectatorstropical, exotic places: the teeming life of the oriental neighborhood of Cholon in LAmant, the haunting beauty of the Bay of Ha Long in Indochine, the wide landscapes of Africa in Chocolat. Pictures of the landscapes of L’amant and Indochine here! They show the French colony as a territory, and as a multiethnic society where French individuals from different classes and regions lived side by side with native populations under rules, established hierarchies and asymmetries designed to privilege the French and to exploit the land and the natives. These films provide concrete examples of what colonization meant the importation of French traditions through the French administration, which organized and ruled different countries of the Empire. The Lover (L’amant) Director : Jean-Jacques Annauds Adaptation of Marguerite Duras 1984 novel. Narrative of The Lover Set in French Indochina in the 1930s, the narrative explores a young French schoolgirls erotic affair in a colonial background. The protagonist is a 15 year-old girl, the daughter of French school teachers who left France to resettle in Indochina in order to better their social status. She is sent to a Saigon boarding school, and on her trip meets Tony Leung; a 32-year old wealthy Indochinese man of Chinese origins. They look at each and they both see a blinding white flash; its kismet. (fate) They meet in his bachelor room where they revel in a wide variety of creative sexual encounters. She comes from a troubled family. Having failed in a land-exploitation scheme, the mother falls into semi-madness. She leaves her children entirely free to do as they wish. It appears that her family would not approve of an interracial tryst. But neither would his father, since in order to inherit his wealth, he must not break from a traditional Chinese arranged marriage. Annaud organizes the screenplay around this interracial relationship, the impossible metissage. The following spot from the Lover will provide for us visual representation of those compicated relations which occured in the colonial context. The Lover, in depth analysis The film is a representation of the socially constructed character of race and the detrimental effects of these classifications had on non-white peoples in the colonies†¦ Metis in Indochina: In Indochina the term applies to persons of French-Vietnamese descent. â€Å"Metisse† or woman of a mixed race always invoked the erotic and the exotic imagination in the French Literature. It is the primitivism that the European appealed to. She is the representation of the â€Å"domesticated primitism†. (the film – young metisse – highly eroticised) To a large extent, the female protagonist functions as the â€Å"exotic† metisse. The director represents her as an â€Å"exotic spectacle† to be gazed, so that the â€Å"female subjectivity† is centralized in the film’s representation. The young Duras is a â€Å"cultural metisse† – she is the ideal metisse, a European but born in the colonies. And she is transformed into an erotic figure. â€Å"Slender wrists and thick black hair† The young Duras’ physical features indicate her belonging to the Indochina geography, and this very resemblance of her to the girls from Indochina makes her Chinese lover feel related to her†¦ This time, the adolescent white European woman is subjected to the male Oriental gaze – typically contrary to the stereotypical colonial gaze†¦ Screening of the exotic â€Å"Other† The use of eroticism and sexual attraction between the races is inscribed in the films screenplay, as well as the fascination for the Other, be it for a geographical or human landscape. The Lover exposes directly the colonial situation from the position of the colonialist. It examines the parameters of an exotic passion between two people from different social and racial backgrounds, but it is limited to the geography of the Cholon bachelors bedroom. Braving the Boundaries†¦ Duras herself braved both French and Chinese cultural taboos by involving in a relationship with a long-time colonial ruler over the Indochinese population. Their romantic affair is an imperial narrative which places (class) exploitation out of the picture. Yet the class difference between the young French girl and the Indochinese/Chinese man is one of the major components of their relationship. At least, it is one by which Duras justifies the relationship: she is the daughter of a deprived colonizer in need of money, and he is the wealthy, educated son of a Chinese merchant. Once this class distinction is established, exploring interracial desire does not lead to rethinking colonial consciousness, but takes the shape of a cinematic tool as sexuality became a power tool†¦ Inter-racial intimacy overshadowed by the colonial ties †¦ The Lover explores the colonial ties between France and Indochina under the primarily erotic and sexual components of a nubile order, leading to a surface exploration of interracial intimacy. The stories conclusion shows the European reabsorption of the colonizer, whereas the native reintegrates the colonial space assigned to him/her. The Chinese lover marries his Chinese bride †¦ The film is much concerned with the characteristics that racial difference bestowed upon the Indochinese, neatly illustrated by his discussion of possible mixed marriages. Maurice Rondet-Saint’s book: Dans notre Empire Jaune (1917), is concerned with the characteristics that racial difference bestowed upon the Indochinese. It seems to be more particularly the individual role of the mother who fails to upbring her children as an ordinary member of the White colonial society. In this sense, those children were exposed to the native culture. Hence, they become less White, polluted by the â€Å"uncivilized†. The profoundly gendered view of the issue of culturally mixed race children is emphasized by Stoler that even fully European children in colonial context were seen â€Å"White but not quite†. Conclusion Mixed-race sexual relations [especially women] posed a threat because they blurred the sharp distinction between citizens and subjects on which the colonial order rested. This film explores the central place of the  «metis problem » in the management of colonial sexuality. Indochina in that context served as a laboratory for the â€Å"metis question†, but it is also an account of a global Empire marked by the persistent challenge of maintaining boundaries between citizen and subject. By exploring the intersection between sexuality, race and class in the colonial context through a cinematographic representation, we hope we have provided with a solid insight on the matters raised by Stoler on Racial Frontiers, Colonial Identities and the place of desire. Extras: Two figures in academia with an insightful touch on the colonial Indochina: 1) Panivong Norindr, in Filmic Memorial and Colonial Blues: Indochina in Contemporary French Cinema in the book Cinema, Colonialism, Postcolonialism. Perspectives from the French and Francophone Worlds. Ed. Dina Sherzer French culture- its love affair with Indochina- resulting in a number of novels and films. He considers three filmsIndochine, LAmant, and Dien Bien Phuin order to examine how they participate in the construction of a collective memory of Indochina. He concludes that these films sustain and reinforce the founding myths of the colonial presence in Indochina. 2) Srilata Ravi, in â€Å"Metis, Metisse and Metissage: Representations and Self-representations† in the book Asia in Europe, Europe in Asia By Farid Alatas (Syed. ), Srilata Ravi, Mario Rutten, Beng-Lan Goh : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Works Cited Nagel, 2000. Ethnicity and Sexuality. Annual Review of Sociology. 26 Pratt, 1992 – Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London: Routhledge Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT. Yale University Press.

History of Radio essays

History of Radio essays One of the most important means of communication among people in human history is the radio. The radio has many wide spread uses in todays society, which is very different from that fifty years ago. While in its prime, about the twenties, the radio was a common household item, having a major influence on the lives of Americans. A common picture of this time usually consisted of families gathered around their radio during evening hours in order to listen to a variety of programs ranging from dramas, light comedies, variety shows, to live music. Todays society uses the radio for more conventional uses, such as listening to the news or music. In addition, the economy began to gain immensely by creating new opportunities for business expansion. The invention of variations of the radio is credited to many scientists of many different fields, but the invention of the radio in which most Americans today know is given to a man generally known as the Father of Radio Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi is responsible for the worlds first wireless radiobroadcast. Guglielmos parents, Giuseppe Marconi and Annie Jameson had two sons, himself and his brother older Alfonso. Guglielmo Marconi was born April 25, 1874, in Bologna, high in the northern part of Italy. He was educated privately at Bologna, Florence and Leghorn. Around the age of fourteen he took a keen interest in physical and electrical science and studied the works of Maxwell, Hertz, Righi, Lodge and others. He began to admire the triumph of Samuel Morse and the telegraph system. From this admiration strung determination to learn all that he could about electrical sciences. In 1895 Marconi began laboratory experiments at his father's country estate, in Pontecchio. It wasn t until then he succeeded in sending wireless signals. Although the first broadcast was a short one, containing only a short series of clicks it was a major advancement...

Brand Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Brand Marketing - Essay Example According to the report findings a mass-market product has little differentiation, and is often marketed as a generic, low cost alternative. Of course, no marketing would exist without two driving forces to sustain it. These forces are the consumer and the competition. The consumer can be generally placed into two categories, a hedonic or utilitarian purchaser. Competition is based solely on brand ownership and product differentiation as they are marketed towards the customer. As the paper declares consumer’s can be identified as hedonic and utilitarian. This is an important concept of product and brand marketing, because consumers perceptions of a purchase based on their personal desire to fulfill a need or fulfill a self-indulgence has a strong bearing on why there are different types of products. To better understand the branding of products as prestige, masstige, or mass-market, a short background of the average customer is presented here. The traditional concepts of cost and benefit values are perceived as having characteristics of exclusively product and price, the standard economics of supply and demand where the consumers experience is exclusively based on the products quality and price evaluations to control consumption choices and demands, and yet this does not define the reasoning of consumers emotional connections, where "A fourth definition equates value with an overall assessment of subjective worth considering all relevant evaluative criteria" (Babin and Darden p 645 1994), in a sense the overall assessment is the consumers emotional constructs, the sociological and psychological desire to feel rewarded in more than the physical sense of achievement. Babin and Darden analyze that shopping has both utilitarian and hedonic traits, where a methodology only encompasses the consumable and its dimensional and monetary values lacks the ability to fully measure the shoppers' experience, a concept expressed as having importance in other research, although "Far less research has been conducted to examine whether contrast effects occur among hedonic experiences (i.e., experiences of pleasure or pain)" (Novemsky and

Impact of Racial Relations in America on the Development of Jazz Essay

Impact of Racial Relations in America on the Development of Jazz - Essay Example Jazz in itself is a special kind of music characterized by much improvisation, multiple rhythms, and blue notes and swung accompanied by vocals affiliated to call and response tradition. No doubt, Jazz was originally meant to be dance music. However, courtesy its appeal and tastefulness, it soon gradated to be a part of the contemporary popular music. Today, it would not be wrong to say that Jazz does has an important place in the modern Western classical music. Jazz, though quintessentially an American music form has its roots in the West African musical art forms and expressions (Gioia 1998). It also needs to be mentioned that Jazz borrowed a lot from the European band music (Gioia 1998). Jazz as an American musical art form originated from the city of New Orleans (Gioia 1998). It was the large Creole and Cajun population that inhabited this American city, which blended the elements of French-Canadian culture with their own native notes and rhythms to give way to a special kind of music called Jazz (Gioia 1998). Gradually Jazz expanded its scope to include within its ambit, varied other American urban centres, before it eventually migrated to Europe and other parts of the world. In the 20th century Jazz gave way to many subgenres like bebop, hard bop and free jazz. Race and racial relations did play an important role in the formulation of Jazz music. Music and Race Relations in America Much before the origins of the United States of American the race relations in America had been marked by varied levels of domination of the white race over the blacks. As far as the white Americans were concerned, they were mostly free to choose between different modes of expression available and accessible to them. However, the things were not that simple and easy for the blacks. As is common with any suppressed race or culture, the blacks resorted to modes of expression that were different and in tandem with their essentially African background (Werner 1999, p. 57). The oppr ession impacted varied facets of the social and personal life of the black Americans. The predominant white opinion was that the blacks were inferior to them and they could only become cultured and civilized by adopting the art forms and modes of expression that had their origins in the Western civilization (Werner 1999, p. 36). However, it was easier said than done. In any age and time, it was impossible for a black individual to become white. So, the other possible way out for the blacks was to imitate the white art forms and to harmonize their modes of expression by blending them with the white art forms (Werner 1999, p. 37). In that context, music was particularly an art form which allowed the blacks to register their protest and to give vent to their emotions and feelings in a way that they liked and that was their own. It is evident from the historical facts that each phase of black existence in America had its own distinct musical genre (Werner 1999). Once the slavery was abo lished in America, it created a dire need for new musical solution for the urge to build and bolster a distinct black identity and culture (Peretti 1994, p. 17). In the meantime, New Orleans, which was earlier under the French rule, had a thriving population of Creoles. A significant number of these Creoles were not only proficient in European instruments and European music, but also were conversant with the African drum rhythms and had already given way to a musical form that was later known as Jazz (Peretti 1994). The free blacks readily adopted Jazz to give vent to their essential isolation and pain. Till the late 40s, Jazz saw the emergence of varied black masters like Louis Armstrong and Thomas Dorsey (Peretti 1994). Yet, the most important fact was that the American media was mainly dominated by whites (Peretti 1994, p. 41). So the expected result was that Jazz though being primarily Afro-American music, it was the

Airbus A380 And Boeing 747

Airbus A380 And Boeing 747 Airbus A380 and Boeing 747 are the new generation of aircraft for long haul and bulk passenger flights. The Airbus A380 holds 525 passengers whereas the Boeing 747 holds up to 452 passengers The feat of flying is a giant leap forward as well as flying with a huge passenger load. The project is to produce a conceptual design of a large civil aircraft using advanced computerised aircraft methods. The mission profile defined for this aircraft is long haul, matching the Airbus A380s range of 15km [6]. Also, the aircraft to be designed is to carry 550 passengers, even more passengers than the Airbus A380. This can only be made possible by a number of criteria but the biggest problem comes from keeping the aircraft airborne under an increased passenger and structural load. The required lift for an increased load of this magnitude mainly comes from the combination of the lifting surfaces and lifting control surfaces of the wing. Wings (SA) Aircraft wing designers have drawn their inspiration from birds. Even in this day and age, engineers are still finding ways to improve design based on examples found in the ornithological (branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds) world [14]. Wings are airfoils that are attached to each side of the fuselage of an airplane and are the main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight [13]. Wings can be of different designs, sizes, and shapes. Different types of wings are used by manufacturers depending on the mission of the aircraft. A variety of wing shapes are shown in Fig.1. Each fulfils a certain need with respect to the expected performance for the particular airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage. Passenger airplanes usually have low wings. The number of wings on an aircraft can vary, for example airplanes with a single set of wings are called monoplanes and those with two sets are known as biplanes.[13] Fig.1: Examples of wing planform [12] Planform styles Wings have evolved over the years from simpler designs as well as the Canard configuration (a configuration in which the span of the forward wing is substantially less than that of the main wing) and straight wings to futuristic designs such as oblique and morphed wings. The Canard configuration was founded by the Wrights brothers where the tailplane is in front of the straight wing. Many years of research have been carried out to improve the aerodynamic efficiency and performance of wings in aircraft and evidence of this can be found in the more futuristic designs for aircraft. For example, the oblique wing is a wing of large span fitted about a pivot that rests on the top side of the fuselage and the wing can rotate about this pivot giving one side of the aircraft a forward swept wing and the other, an aft swept wing and vice versa. The varying sweep angle and configuration was the pinnacle point of research and development for this aircraft and was created to give the pilot more f reedom into how the aircraft can be flown at different speeds. [8] Variable sweep wings allow the aircraft to take advantage of the greater lift and handling qualities that come with straight wings during low speed phases such as takeoff and landing and can also benefit from the reduced drag and improved aerodynamic efficiency that comes with swept wings during high speed phases such as the cruise phase. However, this wing configuration is more likely to be found on high performance aircraft like military aircraft rather than transport maybe due to the unpleasant flying characteristics that come with the extreme wing sweep angles which could have discouraged transport aircraft designers from adopting this configuration in their designs. [8] Evolution of aircraft wings (SA) There were few large aircraft in the 1950s. In those days, some aircrafts wings were built by using wood instead of metal. One reason wings were built using wood is because there were a shortage of metal at that time [17]. This is due to various reasons. One factor in favour of the wood wing was the quality of the ride in turbulence. The ride of a wood wing was better than a metal one. The quality of the ride in a metal wing was harsher and stiffer than the wood wing [17]. Also, the stall characteristics of the wood wing were much better than the metal ones. A disadvantage of wood wing was that it would have to be replaced early due to rot. In1961, wings were no longer made of wood [11]. Instead metal wing was introduced. The reasons for this were for marketing aspects, that is, metal wing last longer than a wood one. People think of rot when they think of wood. When they think of Aluminium, they think it will last forever. Morphed wing (SAJ and SA) The morphed wing started as a conceptual design when then a prototype was eventually built to test the proposed idea. It works by using in-built shape memory alloy actuators which deforms into a different pre-proposed shape when heated. This new shape gives the wings a new set of aerodynamic characteristics adapting to different flight conditions or for a change in mission. [9] Airbus is trying to use similar principles to morph aircraft wings to make them highly adaptable. A bird glides for maximum lift and folds its wings for reduced drag and this is the principle that is adopted from birds which made Airbus focus on wing planform. Professor Meguid of University of Toronto believes the technology behind the UAV morphed wing design could eventually be applied to civil aircraft. Meguid also states that some big airplane manufacturers are already interested in this technology and current research is being done to implement morphed wings [14]. On the other hand, Airbus senior manager of flight physics research, David Hills, disagrees with the idea of using morphed wing in commercial aircraft. He points out that unlike military aircraft, commercial airliners do not need to drop like a stone, therefore do not need morphed wings. [14] Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape significantly to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight. This in turn creates superior system capabilities which are not possible without the shape changes of the wing. The objective of morphing activities is to develop high performance aircraft with wings designed to change shape and performance substantially during flight to create multiple-regime, aerodynamically-efficient and shape-changing aircraft. Different Wing configurations (SAJ) Braced wing They are normally used in transonic aircraft designs just like the aircraft the group is designing. This truss braced wing configuration proved better than the normal cantilever because of its reduced fuel consumption and improved aerodynamic performance. The configuration can be altered to maximise different performance criteria for example if minimum fuel emission is desired then the wings have a lower thickness-to-chord ratio (are a lot thinner) and if the maximisation of the lift to drag ratio is desired then the wings are in contrast a lot thicker. The main desirable outcome from the use of having supporting truss wing configuration is the result of lower span wise bending moments for given loading. However, having this means a lighter wing structure, which results in needing an increased span (therefore greater lift to drag ratio), thinner wing and a reduced chord. The outcome is a more thin and slender looking wings that would therefore hold less fuel. If the wing could then in turn be designed with a high aspect ratio, it could minimise induced drag and as the wing is thinner, it will minimise the production of wave/form drag. [1] However, this configuration is not desired because of its high wing. Biplane Configuration (SAJ) Having two wings on each side aligned vertically from each other, all wave drag that is caused by the thickness of airfoil is eliminated. However, at small angles of attack, the flow is similar to flat plate except for a small wave drag penalty. When the flow becomes choked, a lot of wave drag can be produced and this is controlled from the use of hinge slats. However, this is not an ideal configuration for the transport aircraft to be designed as this configuration is mainly used in supersonic aircrafts, not transonic. [5] Joint wing configuration (SAJ) Joint wing configuration is when the tail is attached to the wing on both sides. The advantage of this configuration is greater control when pitching the aircraft and that the tail provides adequate structural support of the wings. It also produces less drag and has an overall reduced structural weight compared to structural aircrafts of same span. Reduced structural weight is due to the tail acting like a truss in support of the wing and relieving bending moment. Disadvantages of this configuration are that it needs a far greater wing span for it to cope with the take-off field length and constraints. [2] Also, with a greater wing span, there is greater drag and weight compared to conventional configurations as shown in Fig.10. Therefore a conventional low wing cantilever design is preferred for the design of this aircraft. Winglets (SAJ) Winglets are the small vertical structures at the end of the wings to reduce the effects of leakage of flow from the under surface of the wing. The effect of different taper ratios (SAJ) Small taper ratios ensure that the wing is strong enough so that all vortex shedding ceases. However, increasing the taper ratio will result in less induced drag so therefore, the aircraft can take advantage of a greater flight range from less drag, larger taper ratio. Lower taper ratio wings are lower in weight but can hold an increased fuel volume. So the preferred design of the wing will be to have a small taper ratio to keep the weight of the wing low without causing excessive variation in CL and stalling characteristics of the wing. [3] Dihedral / Anhedral Angles (SA) The dihedral angle, that is, the wing tip chord raised above the wing root chord, assists roll stability. Dihedral angle is normally between 2 and 3 degrees and rarely exceeds 5 degrees. The figure below shows the dihedral angle of a low-wing configuration. An advantage of a low-wing is it permits more ground clearance for the wing tip. The opposite of a dihedral angle is an anhedral angle. Anhedral angle lowers the wing tip with respect to the wing root and is typically associated with high-wing aircraft. (Aircraft Design, A. Kandu) (a) Dihedral (midwing low tail) (b) Anhedral (high-wing T-tail) Effects of dihedral angle (SA) The dihedral angle affects the lateral stability of the aircraft. The greater the dihedral angle, the more stable it is during roll. However, having a small dihedral angle can mean that it is less stable, but it can increase the manoeuvrability. When an aircraft is disturbed from upright position, that is, rolling, the aircraft sideslips towards the downgoing wing; the dihedral angle increases the angle of attack to lateral flow producing additional lift to restore straight and level flight. [4] Leading edge strakes (SAJ) Leading edge strakes is a component just in front of the wing and provides usable airflow over the wing at high angles of attack, delaying stall and consequently loss of lift. LEXES, another abbreviation for the stakes are very highly swept lifting surfaces that generate high speed vortexes at high angles of attack and attaches itself to the top of the wing. This is not really needed on a transport aircraft and is more apt for military aircraft which flies at high angles of attack at times and therefore not required. [4] Wing size/ wing loading (SA) Wing size or wing loading affects the following characteristics of an aircraft: Take off / landing field length Cruise performance (L/D) Ride through turbulence Weight of aircraft Take off / landing field length (SA) To achieve short field length, large wings (low wing loading) are better than small wings (high wing loading). The wing can be kept small by using flaps. Flaps provide the possibility to obtain high values of CLmax. Pilot uses flaps or slats to modify the shape and surface area of the wing to change its operating characteristics in flight. (Roskam, 1985) Cruise performance (L/D) (SA) To achieve cruise flight close to (L/D)max a high wing loading is needed so that the cruise lift coefficient can be close to that at (L/D)max. Weight (SA) The larger the wing area, the greater the weight of the wing and therefore the weight of the airplane. High, Middle or Low wing (SA) The choice of high, mid or low wing configuration depends on the mission of the airplane (passenger, cargo). Hence the type of airplane that is considered plays a vital role in deciding the vertical location of the wing. Low wing (SA) Low wing aircraft, as shown in Fig.14 are planes with the wing mounted below the main fuselage of the aircraft. Aerodynamically, there is not much difference between the two wing locations. [16] Advantages (SA) A Low wing aircraft provides superior visibility above and to the sides of the aircraft. The visibility advantage shows in turns when the pilot can see where the turn will go, even in a steep bank. On the other hand, a high wing aircraft will block the view in the direction of a turn. [16] Low wing aircraft are thought to be easier to land in a crosswind. The reason for this is more to do where the landing gear is placed rather than its aerodynamics. On a low wing airplane, the gear is fixed and can be spaced wider apart than on a high wing airplane where the landing gear must be attached to the fuselage. Also, the landing gear of a low wing plane can be mounted straight up and down, which allows a more effective shock absorption system. [16] Most planes carry fuel in the wings. The fuel ports of a low wing aircraft is easy to reach compare to a high wing aircraft. High wing airplanes require climbing up on the plane to re-fuel it. Low wing aircraft uses (SA) A low wing allows commercial jets to have the wing spar go through the fuselage below the passenger cabin. This leaves a lot of room in the passenger cabin with full headroom from front to back. Low wing commercial jets have their engines mounted quite close to the ground. These planes need to fly and taxi on airports where the pavement is kept clean of any debris that could be sucked up by those big jet turbines. This is one reason why military cargo planes use a high wing design, to mount the engines higher off the ground. [16] High wing (SA) A high wing aircraft is when the wing is mounted above the fuselage. High wing is where the wing crosses the fuselage at the top. Advantages (SA) A high wing aircraft provides the best visibility below the aircraft. High wing airplane is also safer in a descent because it avoids the possibility of coming down on another aircraft, especially on approach to the airfield or in the traffic pattern. Planform Tailoring (SA) Many airplanes end up with significant planform irregularities. This is where the use of planform tailoring comes into play. Some reasons for using planform tailoring are: stall behaviour, pitching moment behaviour at high mach, aileron buzz and aerolastic behaviour. [Roskam, 1985] To improve stall behaviour of wing, that is, delay stall to higher angle of attack, leading edge extensions and/or droop may be used. Aileron buzz can occur if the wing sections at the aileron stations develop shocks close to the aileron hingeline. If the aileron is cable controlled then the aileron can develop a severe vibration which is known as aileron buzz. Such problems can be relieved by leading edge extensions. References Gur, O. (2010). Design optimisation of a truss braced wing transonic transport aircraft. Journal of aircraft. 47 (6), p1907-1917. Gallman, J.W.. (1993). Optimisation of joint wing aircraft. Journal of aircraft. 30 (6), p897-907. Ng, T.T.H.. (2002). Application of genetic algorithms to conceptual design of a micro air vehicle. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. 15 (1), p439-445. Roskam, J. (1985). Preliminary configuration design and integration of the propulison system. Kansas: Roskam avaition and engineering corporation. p141-162. Kusunose, K.. (2011). Supersonic biplane a review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 47 (1), p53-87. Airbus A380 presentation. Boeing 747 presentation. Curry, M.. (2009). Past Projects AD-1 Oblique Wing. Available: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/history/pastprojects/AD1/index.html. Last accessed 11th October 2012. Stubbs, M.D. (2003). Kinematic Design and Analysis of a Morphing Wing. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. p1-72. Tsai, D.. (2011). University of Washington Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Senior Capstone Project 2011. Available: http://www.behance.net/gallery/Aerospace-Engineering-Senior-Capstone/1553987. Last accessed 11th October 2012. http://www.mooneypilots.com/mapalog/woodwing.html http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Theories_of_Flight/airplane/TH2G5.htm http://engg-learning.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/introduction-to-aeroplane-airplane-is.html http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aircraft-engineers-look-to-bird-world-for-new-and-improved-wing-designs-345832/ http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA479821 Airplanes: Low Wing Aircraft Buyers Beware, Mooney M-20A and Bellanca Cruiser Wing Preliminary Calculations Size and wing area (S) Similar aircraft to the specifications we have made for our aircraft is the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 747. Using the Roskam volumes, the aspect ratio of the Boeing 747 is 7.0 (Roskam, page 374) and 7.53 for the Airbus A380-100 (1). The wing span of the Boeing 747-400 is 229ft and the airbus A380 has a wing span of 261ft 9in (1). The reference wing area of the Boeing 747-400 is 6824 square feet and the reference wing area of the Airbus A380 is 9095 square feet (ft2)(1). The takeoff weight for our proposed aircraft is around about 1300000lbs (1221267.35lbs or 553957.5516901kg). The wings of the aircraft generates most of the total lift of the aircraft so in order for the aircraft to take flight, the lift would at least have to equal the weight of the aircraft. The lift equation is as follows: The velocity can be calculated through the equation where a= the square root of the product of Gamma (1.4), R (287) and the Temperature. The cruise Mach number specified for this aircraft (A380) is 0.89. The temperature at 35000ft, which is the cruising altitude proposed for this aircraft, is -54.23 Celsius which is 218.93 Kelvin. Hence, a = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡1.4 ÃÆ'- 287 ÃÆ'- 218.93 = 296.59 Therefore the V = 0.89 ÃÆ'- 296.59 = 263.97 The coefficient of lift for takeoff is 1.6 -2.2, for cruise it is 1.2-1.8 and for landing it is 1.8-2.8, so take the coefficient of lift to be 1.8. The stall speed of an airbus A380 is 121kt (224 km/h) = 60.5 m/s and the 747X Stretch is 128kt (237 km/h) (1) So, say the stall speed of the proposed aircraft should be 128kt, or 65.792m/s Knot (kt) m/s 1 0.51 ft2 m2 1 0.0929 Rearrange, the lift equation to make the wing area the subject: = The density of air is taken at sea level to be 1.225 kg/m3 50 kt = 25 m/s Therefore, wing area = 553957.5516901/ 0.5 x 1.225 x 252 x 1.8 = 803.929 m2 Since the proposed aircraft is to be designed to carry more passengers than the airbus A380 and the Boeing 747-400, a larger wing span is proposed to create more lift, so b = 265ft. The aspect ratio can be calculated by: Aspect ratio= b2/S where S = Reference Wing Area and b = Wing Span A (Aspect ratio) of A380 = 7.53 (550 passengers) New A = 8 (an assumption based on having more passengers, 600) Aspect ratio= b2/S= 280^2/6824=10.29 Sweep Angle The sweep angle of the Boeing 747 is 37.5 degrees, the taper ratio is 0.25 and the dihedral angle is 7 degrees (Chapter 6, part II, page 146, Table 6.7, ROSKAM). In terms of the mission profile, size and configuration this aircraft is comparable to the A380. The sweep angle of the A380 is 33.5 degrees and taper ratio is approximately 0.3. (http://www.dept.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Hosder.pdf). For the proposed aircraft, the sweep angle should be 30 degrees. Thickness Ratio the thickness ratio of the airbus a380 is 6%. (http://www.dept.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Stephens.pdf) The thickness ratio of the boeing 747 is Airfoils http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/wing31.htm http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/images/pic3-1.gif A deep camber should be used which gives high lift and low speeds. Suitable for transport planes. http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/images/fig18.gif http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/sc20610.gif Airfoil for the wing root (http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/sc20610.gif) http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/sc20606.gif Airfoil of wing tip (http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/sc20606.gif) (6) Taper Ratio The taper ratio of the Boeing 747 is 0.25 The taper ratio of the A380 is 0.3. For the proposed aircraft, the taper ratio should be 0.25. (7) Incidence Angle and Twist Angle Incidence angle of the Boeing 747 is 2 degrees. (Roskam) (8) Dihedral angle The dihedral angle of the Boeing 747 is 7 degrees. (9) Lateral control surface size and layout

Primary Education in Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Greece, and the United States :: Essays Papers

Primary Education in Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Greece, and the United States Throughout this program I have been confronted with many images and facts about primary education that I will not soon forget. The sounds of young Turkish children reciting "I am a Turk, I am strong"; the image of six year olds in Morocco learning to memorize the Qur'an before they can read or write; the idea of community schools in Egypt where students and parents learn together to benefit and bring prosperity to the community as a whole; and, finally, the idea that art is so important to Greek culture that it is one of the five major goals of primary education. These are all interesting things, they are all things I never would have expected to learn through this program, and they have made this topic and project more meaningful for me. I chose the topic of primary education not only because I am studying to be a teacher, but also because there are a lot of controversies and new ideas that are coming into American education currently, particularly the acts and ideas of No Child Lef t Behind, and I was curious to research how other countries were dealing with the same issues that we see in the educational system of the United States. I started my learning plan with the goals of seeing how primary education was structured in each of the countries we were visiting (Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Greece) both theoretically as well as how effective the actual practice of education was, to see what the situation regarding the primary education of girls was in each of the countries and what differences existed in the education of the two genders, to find out the unique solutions each country had found for their own educational system that addressed their country's own specific challenges, to see the role that nationalism and religion played in the primary education of students in each of the countries, and finally to come to the grand finale of the purpose of primary education in each of the countries, to use that information to help me better understand primary educati on, and to compare these findings to the purpose of primary education in the United States. In my project today I plan to lay out seven aspects of primary education, explain how each of these aspects is carried out in the four countries we visited, and then to speak about how each aspect influences the cultures of Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Greece.

Hawthorne Studies (Organisational Behaviour)

HAWTHORNE STUDIES The most important contribution to the human relations movement within organizational behavior came out of the Hawthorne studies undertaken at western electric company’s Hawthorne works in Chicago in between 1924 and 1932. Main researches were Elton Mayo, Dickson, Whitehead, and Rothlisberger. The researchers originally set out to study the relationship between productivity and physical working conditions. They conducted various researches in four phases with each phase attempting to answer the question raised at the previous phase.The four phases were; 1. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in illumination on productivity; Illumination experiments (1924-27) 2. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in hours and other working conditions on productivity; Relay assembly test room experiments (1927-28). 3. Conducting plant wide interviews to determine worker attitudes and sentiments, Mass interviewing program (1928-30). 4. Determination and analysis of social organization at work; Bank wiring observation room experiments (1931-32). Illumination experiments:-The experiments began in 1924 and extended over several years. The purpose was to examine the relation of quality and quantity of illumination to efficiency of industrial workers. Control and experimental groups were established. The experimental group was presented with varying illumination intensities, while the control group worked under a constant intensity. The researches were surprised to see that productivity increased to roughly the same rate in both the test and control groups. It was only in final experiment, where they decreased illumination levels to 0. 0f foot candle (roughly moonlight intensity) that an appreciable decline in output occurred. The engineers concluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity, but they could not explain the behavior they had witnessed. Relay assembly test room experiments:- Relay assembly test room experiments were designed to determine the effect of changes in various job conditions on group productivity as the illumination experiments could not establish relationship between intensity of illumination and production.For this purpose, the researchers set up a relay assembly test room and two girls were selected. These girls were asked to choose four more girls as company-workers. Following ere the changes and the resultant outcomes; 1. The incentive system was changed so that each girl’s extra pay was based on the other five rather than output of larger group. The productivity increased as compared to before. 2. Two five-minute rests –one in morning session and other in the evening session – were introduced which were increased to ten minutes.The productivity increased. 3. The rest period was reduced to five minutes but frequency was increased. The productivity decreased slightly and the girls complained that frequent rest intervals affected the rhythm of the work. 4. The number of rest pauses was reduced to two of ten minutes each, but in the morning, coffee or soup was served along with sandwich and in the evening, snack was provided. The productivity increased. 5. Changes in working hours and workday were introduced. Productivity again increased.As each change was introduced, absenteeism decreased, morale increased and less supervision was required. Mass interviewing program During the course of experiments, about 20,000 interviews were conducted between 1928 and 1930 to determine employee’s attitude towards company, supervision, insurance plans, promotion and wages. Initially these interviews were conducted by means of direct questioning but later it was changed to non-directive interviewing where interviewer was asked to listen to instead of talking, arguing or advising.During the course of interviews, it was discovered that worker’s behavior was being influenced by group behavior. Bank wiring observatio n room experiments The concluding study at Hawthorne was significant because it confirmed that the importance of one aspect of the informal organization on worker productivity. Specifically, the researchers studied workers in the bank wiring room and found the behavioral norms set by the work group had a powerful influence over the productivity of a group. The higher the norms, the greater the productivity.The lower the norms, the lower the productivity. The power of the peer group and the importance of the group influence on individual behavior and productivity were confined in the bank wiring study. Findings ?Workplaces are social environments and people are motivated by much more than economic self-interest. ?The girls were allowed to have a friendly relationship with their supervisor and they felt happier at work. ?They felt like part of a team when changes were discussed in advance with them. Flowing from the findings of these investigations he came to certain conclusions as fo llows: Work is a group activity. oThe social world of the adult is primarily patterned about work activity. oThe need for recognition, security and sense of belonging is more important in determining workers' morale and productivity than the physical conditions under which he works. oA complaint is not necessarily an objective recital of facts; it is commonly a symptom manifesting disturbance of an individual's status position. oThe worker is a person whose attitudes and effectiveness are conditioned by social demands from both inside and outside the work plant. Informal groups within the work plant exercise strong social controls over the work habits and attitudes of the individual worker. oThe change from an established society in the home to an adaptive society in the work plant resulting from the use of new techniques tends continually to disrupt the social organization of a work plant and industry generally. oGroup collaboration does not occur by accident; it must be planned an d developed. If group collaboration is achieved the human relations within a work plant may reach a cohesion which resists the disrupting effects of adaptive society.

How does advertisement influence peoples behaviour

Abstract In the modern world, advertisement is everywhere. In every abundance walk of life, there are huge competitions. As a result, advertisement has become more important. If you can be more noticeable, it means you would have chances to market. Therefore, advertising has great impact on different people. Advertising, is mainly used in market, refer to marketing message, which is presented by an identified sponsor in extinctive media such as the television, newspapers, radio, magazines and Internet. The term may be used to refer to message presentation in the marketplace. The term may also be extended to show a product in a television program or†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the communications among family members may also impact young people’s interactions. Another significant evidence suggests that advertisement in television effect children a lot. Media influences most children’s requests for advertised products. Another important way young people can be affecte d is peers. At school, children spend long time studying or playing together. They can learn from each other what clothing styles are popular right now or how to wear can get more attention from others. In addition, peers influence a lot in children’s interaction for products. For example, they learn from their friends which stores are cheaper, which brands of selected products are much better. It is logical that if child A and child B are good friends, they always paly together, and if child A likes a brand of products, then child B will be influenced by child A, and start loving this brand of products. Also, there is an increasing evidence show that the more children affect each other, the more products will be purchased by children. Thus, children are the huge consumer group in the world. The effect of advertisements on women in society. In the history, there is a standard of â€Å"beauty† during every period of time. But never like today, all kinds of media, especially television media, trying to teach us what is beauty should look like. In order to satisfy the needs males, advertisements are trying toShow MoreRelatedInvolvement And Motivation : An Important Tool For Defining The Behavior Of The Consumers Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefining the behaviour of the consumers. It plays a vital role in across all kinds of marketing strategies. In this essay, the term Involvement, Motivation and its relationship between those two factors and further consumer behaviour theories such as self, attitudes and ethics will be analysed. It will begin with the definition of Involvement and link with Motivation will be examined. Then, types of Involvement will be discussed. In addition, Involvement and various consumer behaviour theories willRead MoreResearch Report – Young Peoples’ Attitude, Behaviour and Motivation for Blood Donation3244 Words   |  13 PagesResearch Report – Young peoples’ attitude, behaviour and motivation for blood donation. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Literature review 5 3. Research objective 6 4. Methodology 8 5. Results 8 6. Discussion 12 7. Conclusions and Implications 13 8. Limitations and Recommendations 13 Abstract With one in three Australian’s needing blood in their lifetime, but only one in thirty donating, the need for the Australian Red Cross Blood Service to maximise donor recruitmentRead MoreAmerican Rock N Roll Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages American Rock ’n’ Roll was a huge influence on the idea of Pop as it affected young people and gave them their own distinct interests. Pop figures at the time such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles gripped the youth of the mid-20th century and defined a discernible difference between the young and the old. Post-war depression was replaced by a youthful optimistic spirit, which allowed for expression of self among the youth of American society. The optimistic spirit offered by pop culture icons allowedRead MoreManagement History And How The Theories Fit Today Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesManagement history and how the theories fit in modern society? Choose 3 classical ones. Administrative management by Henry Fayol, scientific management by Frederick Taylor and bureaucratic management by Max Weber were all developed long time ago in the management development history. However, they still have significant influences over the management today and managers today could still apply these ideas to their workplace. This essay is to discuss what these theories are and how they are applied toRead MoreHow Do Television Advertisements Affect People s Food Choices And Its Significance1415 Words   |  6 PagesHow do Television advertisements affect people’s food choices and its significance in relation to childhood obesity? Introduction: Childhood obesity is undoubtedly one of the most controversial issues in modern society, and is regarded as one of the most serious health problems. Research has shown overweight and obese children generally grow up to be overweight and/or obese as adults, who are highly likely to be predisposed to health factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other sortsRead MoreThe Role Of Gender And Advertising On Women1178 Words   |  5 Pages Today, this image has changed into a different societal problem for women. New advertisements are revealing women in ways different from ever before: the Robert Cavalli fashion advertisement located in Style Magazine exposes the inaccurate insights that are placed on women of a very sexualized and obedient female gender role in American culture. The color arrangement design and graphic emphasis of the advertisement supplement the structure of the excessively sexual female purpose in society. WhenRead MoreAnorexia and the Media Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesrather than self belief. It’s like a ‘tag-a-long’ in a group. The only reason for this is that people seem to behave and act the same way influencing others to do so. This does make sense because the person may feel left out. In other words they feel insecure. I will be discussing if the media does or does not have a large impact on society. Anorexia is believed to be mainly caused by the media and the celebrities who are involved throughout the media. Young teens who haveRead MoreTri-Component Attitude Model1148 Words   |  5 Pagesambivalence is possible. Behaviour (Connative): – Consumer’s intent to do something in relation to an attitude object. Cognition (Beliefs): – Thoughts a consumer has about an attitude object. Attitude Functions The ABC Attitude Model Initiator Component Component Manifestation Affective Attitude Emotions – Attitude held due to object’s utility. EgoEgo-Defence: Stimuli: †¢Products †¢Situations †¢Retail outlets †¢Sales personnel †¢Advertisements †¢Other attitude objects Read MoreConsumer Buying Behaviour : Msc Business Management2167 Words   |  9 Pages Adem Kader Consumer Buying Behaviour MSC Business Management Dr Dababrata Chowdhury University Campus Suffolk Summer 2015 ABSTRACT Almost all marketers must understand consumer behaviour because it allows marketers to understand and predict buying behaviour of consumers. Consumer buying behaviour (CBB) is crucial for marketers, at the same time it is a difficult subject to understand. CBB is not only about what consumers buy or what they are interested. CBB is all about why consumersRead MoreNon Profit Organization Marketing : An Organization Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesintention because marketing need lots of money to implement and would directly influence the donations to actual beneficiaries (Chong, Lam Siu, 2004). â€Æ' Celebrity Endorsement Celebrity endorsement is a well-known marketing strategies adopted by both private and non-profit organizations in brand recognition and recall (White, 2012; Chan, Luk Ng, 2013; Awasthi and Choraria, 2015). It is defined as any individual whose behaviour are noticed by publics in the society while enjoys public recognition and